基于风貌建设的行动规划编制探索——以杭州“风景桐庐”建设总体规划为例

"美丽中国"已成为国家战略,建设"美丽中国"的样本是杭州的责任。本文以杭州市"风景桐庐"建设总体规划为例,提出以风貌的视角、行动规划的编制思路落实美丽城乡建设,搭建了目标定位——分类导控——分区推进——项目落实的框架体系,探索美丽城乡战略定位转化为具体行动的途径。     

Research on Evaluation and Optimization Strategies of Cultural Ecosystem Services of Rural Water Spaces in Suzhou

Suzhou City enjoys its regional water networks as a driver to promote the evolution of urban-rural landscapes, where water space is an important part of urban-rural public spaces that defines spatial characteristics, supports public health, and offers recreational opportunities. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) ranging from aesthetics, recreation, education to culture are the core public demands and a key aspect in shaping the identity and vitality of water spaces. However, along with the rapid urbanization, the historical city-water spatial pattern, social connections and relations, and regional cultural spirit have gradually faded away. Such problems can be addressed through inventory renewals and cultural revivals of water spaces based on CES enhancement. This research introduces the Importance–Performance Analysis to study CES of water spaces by examining representative water spaces of Suzhou, in order to examine the correlations between CES types and landscape elements/factors. By collecting the residents’ assessment data on the importance and performance of a series of landscape elements/factors, this research measures and evaluates the demand–supply relations of the studied water spaces, conducts a strategic zoning to identify the landscape elements/factors to maintain, of over-supply, needs no priority or to improve, respectively. Finally, the paper proposes planning strategies and construction guidance for enhancing water space CES in Suzhou in the aspects of ecological management of water network, highlighting of water town image, and planning and scheming of local projects.     

Chinese Garden Research in the 21st Century International Academia —A Diachronic Analysis of Journal Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes and Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection

In response to increasing attention from international academia on Chinese gardens, this article advances China’s landscape studies by exploring international research trends on Chinese gardens during the 21st century. It mainly adopts a diachronic perspective to examine the journal Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes—a leading journal, and Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection (Trustees for Harvard University)—international academia’s leading institution on landscape studies. Using a bibliometric approach, it first carries out a statistical analysis of the rules and trends of development to explore the distribution patterns of Chinese gardens. Based on this analysis, it uses time series analysis to study the relationships of related academic discourses and contexts. The study reveals that Chinese garden studies led by Chinese scholars has attracted increasing attention from international academia and has involved growing numbers of scholars from various disciplines. Consequently, it has not only shaped much of the output from China and Britain, but is also driving a paradigm shift away from studying Chinese classical gardens to modern designed landscapes, drawing upon a monolithic approach to investigate the pluralistic, and from focusing on Chinese national interaction to transnational interaction.     

The Production of Local Landscape Heritage: A Case Study in The Netherlands

In their daily surroundings, people perpetually produce heritage, as they experience, assign meaning to and act upon local historical landscape features. We conducted a case study in a peat district in the Netherlands to investigate heritage construction in various local landscape practices. These practices reflected distinctive patterns of routinised activities, motives to engage with these activities, historical landscape artefacts that are deemed valuable and meanings assigned to these artefacts. Across these landscape practices, we identified different modes of producing heritage meanings: (a) driven by landscape aesthetics, (b) framed by potential spatial threats, (c) structured by family roots, and (d) generated by the desire to belong to the community. Our study demonstrates that heritage production can vary a lot even within a relatively homogenous local culture. In addition, our results suggest that heritage is sometimes produced implicitly, rather than explicitly.     

Using landscape typologies to model socioecological systems: Application to agriculture of the United States Gulf Coast

The complexity of socioecological systems (SES) has posed a persistent challenge to the development of methods for diagnostic and prognostic analyses of global change. We developed a high dimensional statistical framework where cluster analysis was used to characterize regional landscape typologies and those typologies are linked to the outcome of interest through regression modeling. For demonstration, we applied the framework to agroecosystem of the United States Gulf Coast to evaluate the determinants of spatial variability in crop yield. Regional biophysical typologies (BPT; integrated climate, soil, and topography clusters) and socioecological typologies (SET; BPT combined with socioeconomic clusters) were developed. The SET corn model (R2 = 0.89) outperformed the BPT corn model (R2 = 0.72) and a county fixed-effect model (R2 = 0.53), which reflects the socioeconomic influence over agricultural productivity. The SET model also showed similar predictive skill for soybean and cotton yield. Therefore impact analysis for agroecosystems can lead to incorrect conclusions if biophysical factors are not examined jointly with socioeconomic factors.     

Regression using hybrid Bayesian networks: Modelling landscape–socioeconomy relationships

Modelling environmental systems becomes a challenge when dealing directly with continuous and discrete data simultaneously. The aim in regression is to give a prediction of a response variable given the value of some feature variables. Multiple linear regression models, commonly used in environmental science, have a number of limitations: (1) all feature variables must be instantiated to obtain a prediction, and (2) the inclusion of categorical variables usually yields more complicated models. Hybrid Bayesian networks are an appropriate approach to solve regression problems without such limitations, and they also provide additional advantages. This methodology is applied to modelling landscape–socioeconomy relationships for different types of data (continuous, discrete or hybrid). Three models relating socioeconomy and landscape are proposed, and two scenarios of socioeconomic change are introduced in each one to obtain a prediction. This proposal can be easily applied to other areas in environmental modelling.     

An analysis of bioclimatic zones and implications for design of outdoor built environments in Egypt

Climate considerations are essential dimensions in the assessment of quality of outdoor built environments. This paper provides an analysis of bioclimatic classification of Egypt to help the environmental design of wide range of purposes, including: climate responsive design; energy conservation and thermal comfort in the outdoor built environments. The analysis of this classification uses a bioclimatic approach in which the comfort zone and monthly climatic lines were determined and plotted on the psychrometric chart. Since the mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) is the most important input parameter for the energy balance in outdoor environments, the charts apply the ASHRAE 55-2004 standard considering the operative temperature as a function of T_mrt. Analysis for each bioclimatic zone determines the potential of passive design strategies to maintain thermal comfort in outdoor spaces and to contribute to energy efficient built environment. Finally, this study suggests a design guideline matrix for landscape architectural design for the different bioclimatic zones.     

场所与定居 当代居住区景观营建的类型学方法研究

通过对保元泽第等居住环境设计实践的分析,探讨应用类型学思想如何在当代居住区环境营建中弘扬中国传统居住文化和造园精神,提出运用类型学方法中的新理性主义和新地域主义思想,在设计实践中从历史、地域中寻找活在人们集体记忆中的＂原型＂,挖掘原型中的永恒价值,从而生成富有历史感的创新;并避免因为地域风格的丧失而造成的文化空白,通过...     

浅析厦门中山路轮渡片区夜景设计

夜景环境的质量越来越被市民所关心,建筑、街区以及城市的光环境和夜景效果已经越来越被设计师重视,本文旨在特定地域条件下对厦门轮渡中山路片区的光环境和夜景稍加研究,以期探讨其设计方法和效果之优劣。     

基于“地图术”理念的景观文化内涵空间构建策略研究

深度剖析“地图术”理念发展背景及内涵，创建文化场域、抽取文化信息、再建文化新联三个操作结构，对不同时空维度交织的文化信息进行分析，深度发掘地域文化特质并将其隐含的文化线索在地理空间中予以揭示。